How to improve the motion performance of guide rails in the processing of precision mechanical components
Jun 13,2020
In the process of fine mechanical component processing, to improve the motion performance of the air-floating guide rail, the following three methods can be adopted. First, increase the stiffness of the guide rail in the load direction by using a closed guide rail design, which can improve stiffness by 2 times compared to a single-sided guide; reduce the air-floating gap; and enhance sealing strength. The air source should be supplied with stable pressure and clean air to minimize potential vibration factors.
In the air supply circuit, a load compensation mechanism and automatic pressure regulating device should be designed to keep the air-floating gap variation very small. The pressure spring and roller control the air-floating gap; or reasonably plan the air cushion to allow for automatic balanced adjustment. For high-precision measuring machines, the air-floating precision should be within 0.001-0.002mm.
Secondly, the damping force during the movement of the guide rail can be increased. The more holes in the air cushion, the greater the damping force and rigidity. If porous materials from powder metallurgy are used as the air cushion, replacing small holes with large-area micropores to throttle the air cushion will result in greater damping force. Under the conditions allowed for fine mechanical component processing, air-liquid two-phase lubrication can be used, as the oil film present on the contact surface of the guide rail increases the damping force.
A semi-air-floating guide rail structure can also be adopted, where the coordinate machine separates the air-floating guide rail and the mechanical guide rail, utilizing the advantages of both types of guide rail motion characteristics. This not only improves the resistance to end motion but also maintains a constant gap in the air-floating guide rail, while increasing the damping force of the guide rail movement, thereby enhancing the motion performance of the guide rail.
Generally, fine mechanical component processing machines are not suitable for operation in clean and high-temperature humid environments. The power supply environment also has high requirements; the power supply voltage for the machine tool should not be worse than ±10%, and the three phases should be balanced and stable. In excessively harsh power supply conditions, a voltage stabilizer must be installed. In addition to maintaining cleanliness and lubrication, the machine tool must also be carefully maintained along with all its components.
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